Pore water pressure refers to the pressure exerted by water within the pores of soil or rock. It plays a crucial role in geotechnical engineering and hydrogeology, influencing the stability of structures and the movement of groundwater. When the pore water pressure increases, it can reduce the effective stress on soil particles, potentially leading to issues like soil liquefaction during earthquakes. Understanding pore water pressure is essential for assessing the behavior of soil in various conditions, such as during heavy rainfall or construction activities. Engineers and geologists measure this pressure to predict how soil will respond to changes in loading or environmental conditions, ensuring safe and effective design practices.