Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a virus that primarily affects pigs, causing significant economic losses in the swine industry. It leads to reproductive issues in breeding sows, such as stillbirths and weak piglets, as well as respiratory problems in young pigs, making them more susceptible to other infections. PRRSV is classified into two main types: type 1 and type 2, which differ in their genetic makeup and geographic distribution. The virus spreads through direct contact with infected animals, contaminated equipment, or through the air. Effective management and vaccination strategies are essential to control the spread of PRRSV in pig populations.