Population mapping is the process of creating visual representations of where people live within a specific area. This can include cities, regions, or entire countries. By using data from sources like census information, surveys, and geographic information systems (GIS), researchers can identify population density, demographics, and trends over time. These maps help governments, businesses, and organizations make informed decisions about resource allocation, urban planning, and public services. For example, understanding population distribution can aid in the development of infrastructure, such as schools and hospitals, ensuring that they are located where they are most needed.