Population biology is the study of how populations of organisms interact with their environment and each other. It focuses on factors such as population size, density, distribution, and growth rates. Researchers in this field analyze how species reproduce, survive, and evolve over time, often using mathematical models to predict future changes. This branch of biology also examines the effects of environmental factors, such as climate change and habitat destruction, on population dynamics. Understanding these interactions helps scientists develop conservation strategies to protect endangered species and manage natural resources effectively.