The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) is a political party in Angola, founded in 1956. It emerged as a key player in the struggle for independence from Portuguese colonial rule, which was achieved in 1975. The MPLA has been the ruling party in Angola since independence and has played a significant role in the country's post-colonial development. The MPLA was involved in a protracted civil war against the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) that lasted until 2002. The party's governance has focused on rebuilding the nation and addressing issues such as poverty and infrastructure development, while also facing criticism for its handling of political dissent and human rights.