Pope Urban II was the head of the Roman Catholic Church from 1088 to 1099. He is best known for initiating the First Crusade in 1095, a military expedition aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from Muslim control. Urban's call to arms was made during a speech at the Council of Clermont, where he urged Christians to unite and take action to protect their faith. His efforts not only inspired thousands to join the Crusade but also significantly shaped the relationship between Christians and Muslims. Urban II's leadership marked a pivotal moment in medieval history, influencing religious and political dynamics for centuries to come.