Pope Paul V, born Camillo Borghese in 1550, served as the head of the Roman Catholic Church from 1605 until his death in 1621. He was a member of the Borghese family and became pope during a time of significant political and religious challenges, including the Counter-Reformation. During his papacy, Paul V focused on strengthening the authority of the papacy and addressing issues within the church. He is known for his involvement in the Galileo affair, where he initially supported Galileo's work but later imposed restrictions on his teachings. Paul V also commissioned the construction of the Borghese Gallery in Rome.