Pope Alexander IV, born Rinaldo Conti, served as pope from 1254 to 1261. He was elected after the death of Pope Innocent IV and is known for his efforts to strengthen the papacy and address issues within the Catholic Church. His papacy was marked by political challenges, including conflicts with the Holy Roman Empire. During his reign, Alexander IV focused on promoting peace in Italy and supporting the Franciscan and Dominican orders. He also worked to resolve disputes among various factions in the church and sought to maintain the influence of the papacy in European politics.