Polynomial Division is a method used to divide one polynomial by another, similar to long division with numbers. The goal is to simplify the expression and find the quotient and remainder. This process involves dividing the leading term of the dividend by the leading term of the divisor, multiplying the entire divisor by this result, and then subtracting it from the original polynomial. The steps are repeated with the new polynomial until the degree of the remainder is less than the degree of the divisor. This technique is essential in algebra for simplifying expressions and solving equations involving polynomials.