Polyene antibiotics are a class of antifungal agents that target fungal cell membranes. They work by binding to ergosterol, a key component of fungal membranes, creating pores that disrupt the cell's integrity. This leads to cell death and helps treat various fungal infections. Common examples of polyene antibiotics include amphotericin B and nystatin. These medications are often used in clinical settings to manage serious fungal infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. While effective, they can have side effects, including kidney toxicity, which necessitates careful monitoring during treatment.