The Polonnaruwa Period refers to a significant era in Sri Lankan history that lasted from the 11th to the 13th centuries. It followed the decline of the Anuradhapura Period and marked the rise of the city of Polonnaruwa as the capital. This period is known for its advancements in agriculture, irrigation, and urban planning, which contributed to the prosperity of the kingdom. During the Polonnaruwa Period, notable rulers such as Parakramabahu I and Nissanka Malla made substantial contributions to architecture and culture. The construction of impressive structures like the Gal Vihara, featuring rock-carved Buddha statues, exemplifies the artistic achievements of this time. The period is also recognized for its flourishing trade and the establishment of a strong Buddhist influence.