Political parties in Somalia have historically faced challenges due to ongoing conflict and instability. The country has a multi-party system, but many parties are often based on clan affiliations, which can complicate national unity. Since the establishment of a federal government in 2012, several political parties have emerged, including the Somali Democratic Party and the United Somali Party. These parties aim to represent various interests and promote democratic governance, although their effectiveness is often hindered by security issues and political fragmentation.