Polish-Jewish relations have a long and complex history, dating back to the Middle Ages when Jewish communities began to settle in Poland. Over the centuries, Poland became home to one of the largest Jewish populations in Europe, contributing significantly to Jewish culture and intellectual life. However, these relations were also marked by periods of tension and conflict, particularly during the Holocaust when millions of Jews were murdered. In recent years, efforts have been made to improve understanding and reconciliation, with initiatives focusing on shared history and cultural heritage, including the establishment of the Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw.