Pneumococci are a type of bacteria known scientifically as Streptococcus pneumoniae. They are commonly found in the human respiratory tract and can cause various infections, including pneumonia, meningitis, and ear infections. These bacteria are particularly dangerous for young children, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Pneumococci are spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Vaccines, such as the pneumococcal vaccine, are available to help protect against severe infections caused by these bacteria. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are crucial for managing pneumococcal infections effectively.