Pleuritis, also known as pleurisy, is an inflammation of the pleura, the thin membranes surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity. This condition can cause sharp chest pain, especially during breathing, coughing, or sneezing. It may result from infections, autoimmune diseases, or other underlying health issues. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, imaging tests like X-rays or CT scans, and sometimes blood tests. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and may include pain relief medications, anti-inflammatory drugs, or antibiotics if an infection is present.