Pleural disorders refer to conditions affecting the pleura, which is a thin membrane surrounding the lungs. This membrane plays a crucial role in allowing the lungs to expand and contract smoothly during breathing. Common pleural disorders include pleurisy, an inflammation of the pleura that can cause sharp chest pain, and pleural effusion, where excess fluid accumulates in the pleural space, leading to difficulty breathing. These disorders can result from various causes, such as infections, injuries, or underlying diseases like pneumonia or cancer. Diagnosis often involves imaging tests like chest X-rays or CT scans, and treatment may include medications, drainage of fluid, or addressing the underlying cause.