Pleurisy is a condition characterized by inflammation of the pleura, the thin membranes surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity. This inflammation can cause sharp chest pain, especially during breathing, coughing, or sneezing. Pleurisy can result from various causes, including infections, autoimmune diseases, or lung conditions. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, imaging tests like X-rays or CT scans, and sometimes fluid analysis. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and may include medications such as anti-inflammatories or antibiotics. In severe cases, procedures to drain excess fluid may be necessary.