Pleating techniques are methods used to create folds in fabric, adding texture and design to garments and textiles. Common types include knife pleats, where all folds go in one direction, and box pleats, which alternate directions. These techniques can be used in various applications, from skirts to curtains, enhancing both functionality and aesthetics. Another popular technique is smocking, which gathers fabric to create a decorative effect while allowing for stretch. Pleating can also be achieved through heat setting, where fabric is treated with heat to maintain its shape. Overall, pleating is a versatile skill in fashion and textile design.