Smocking is a decorative embroidery technique used to gather fabric, creating a textured and fitted appearance. It involves stitching rows of small, even gathers, which can be embellished with various patterns and designs. Traditionally, smocking was used in clothing to allow for stretch and movement, especially in children's garments. This technique has roots in historical clothing, particularly in Europe, where it was popular in the 18th and 19th centuries. Today, smocking is often seen in children's clothing and vintage-inspired fashion, adding a charming and intricate detail to garments.