Plant-microbe interactions refer to the relationships between plants and various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. These interactions can be beneficial, neutral, or harmful. Beneficial interactions often enhance plant growth, nutrient uptake, and disease resistance, while harmful ones can lead to plant diseases and reduced crop yields. One well-known example of a beneficial interaction is the relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots. These fungi help plants absorb water and essential nutrients like phosphorus, while the plants provide the fungi with carbohydrates. Understanding these interactions is crucial for improving agricultural practices and promoting sustainable ecosystems.