Physiological adaptations are changes in an organism's internal processes that enhance its ability to survive in specific environments. These adaptations can include alterations in metabolism, respiration, or temperature regulation. For example, camels have evolved to conserve water and tolerate high temperatures, allowing them to thrive in desert conditions. Another example is the polar bear, which has developed a thick layer of fat and dense fur to insulate against extreme cold. These physiological changes enable organisms to better cope with their surroundings, ensuring their survival and reproduction in diverse habitats.