The physical environment refers to the natural and built surroundings in which living organisms exist. It includes elements such as landforms, climate, water bodies, and vegetation. These components interact to create ecosystems that support various forms of life, including plants and animals. Additionally, the physical environment encompasses human-made structures like buildings, roads, and bridges. These constructions can influence local ecosystems and affect how people interact with nature. Understanding the physical environment is essential for managing resources and addressing environmental challenges, such as climate change and urbanization.