Photovoltaic refers to the technology that converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar cells. These cells are made from semiconductor materials, typically silicon, which generate an electric current when exposed to sunlight. This process is known as the photovoltaic effect and is a key component of solar energy systems. Photovoltaic systems can be installed on rooftops or in large solar farms, providing a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. They are an essential part of the broader solar energy industry, contributing to efforts to combat climate change and promote sustainable energy solutions.