Phosphorus flame retardants are chemical compounds that help reduce the flammability of materials, making them safer in case of fire. They work by releasing phosphorus during combustion, which helps to form a protective char layer on the surface of the material. This char layer slows down the spread of flames and reduces smoke production. These flame retardants are commonly used in various products, including furniture, textiles, and electrical appliances. While they enhance fire safety, there are ongoing discussions about their environmental impact and potential health risks, leading to research on safer alternatives.