A phonograph cartridge is a small device that converts the mechanical vibrations of a vinyl record into electrical signals. It is an essential component of a turntable, allowing music to be played through speakers. The cartridge typically contains a stylus, or needle, that tracks the grooves of the record, picking up sound vibrations. There are two main types of phonograph cartridges: moving magnet (MM) and moving coil (MC). Moving magnet cartridges are more common and easier to replace, while moving coil cartridges are known for their higher sound quality but are often more expensive. Both types play a crucial role in delivering audio from records.