The Phoenicians were an ancient civilization known for their maritime trade and exploration. They established city-states like Tyre, Sidon, and Byblos along the Mediterranean Sea. Their economy relied heavily on trade, exporting goods such as purple dye, glass, and timber. The Phoenicians are also credited with developing one of the earliest alphabets, which greatly influenced later writing systems. In addition to trade, the Phoenicians practiced various religious rituals, worshiping a pantheon of gods, including Baal and Astarte. They built temples and conducted ceremonies to honor these deities, often involving offerings and sacrifices. Their cultural practices included art, pottery, and the creation of intricate textiles, reflecting their skilled craftsmanship.