Phloem is a type of vascular tissue in plants responsible for transporting nutrients, particularly sugars produced during photosynthesis, from the leaves to other parts of the plant. This process is essential for growth and energy distribution, allowing plants to thrive and develop. Phloem consists of specialized cells, including sieve elements and companion cells. Sieve elements form the main conduits for nutrient flow, while companion cells support and regulate the function of sieve elements. Together, they ensure that essential substances reach areas like roots and fruits, contributing to the overall health and productivity of the plant.