Phlebotomus is a genus of small, blood-feeding insects commonly known as sand flies. They are typically found in warm, humid environments and are most active during dusk and dawn. These flies are known for their painful bites and can transmit various diseases to humans and animals. The most significant concern regarding Phlebotomus is their role as vectors for Leishmania, the parasite responsible for leishmaniasis, a disease that can cause skin ulcers and affect internal organs. Control measures often focus on reducing their breeding sites and protecting against bites through repellents and protective clothing.