Philosophical Realism is the view that the world exists independently of our perceptions or beliefs. It asserts that objects, properties, and events exist in reality, regardless of whether we can observe or understand them. This perspective contrasts with idealism, which suggests that reality is mentally constructed or immaterial. Realism can be applied in various fields, including science and ethics. In science, it posits that scientific theories aim to describe the world as it truly is, rather than just as it appears to us. In ethics, moral realism holds that there are objective moral truths that exist independently of individual opinions or cultural beliefs.