The Philippine Commonwealth was a transitional government established in the Philippines from 1935 to 1946. It aimed to prepare the country for full independence from the United States. The Commonwealth was led by President Manuel L. Quezon, who focused on nation-building, promoting education, and developing a national identity. During this period, the Commonwealth faced challenges, including the impact of the Great Depression and the threat of Japanese invasion during World War II. After the war, the Philippines finally gained full independence on July 4, 1946, marking the end of the Commonwealth era and the beginning of the Third Republic.