Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (1674-1723) was a French nobleman and the nephew of King Louis XIV. He served as the regent of France from 1715 to 1723 during the minority of Louis XV. Philippe was known for his lavish lifestyle and efforts to modernize the French court. As a member of the House of Orléans, Philippe played a significant role in French politics. He was instrumental in the establishment of the Mississippi Company, which aimed to develop trade in the Americas. His regency is often noted for its cultural advancements and relative stability following the long reign of his uncle.