Philippe, Duke of Orléans (1640-1701), was a French nobleman and the younger brother of King Louis XIV. He played a significant role in the French court and was known for his extravagant lifestyle and patronage of the arts. Philippe was also the founder of the House of Orléans, which became an important branch of the French royal family. As a military leader, Philippe participated in several campaigns during the Franco-Dutch War and the War of the Spanish Succession. He was appointed as the governor of Dauphiné and held various titles throughout his life. His legacy includes his contributions to French culture and politics during a pivotal era in history.