Philip of Spain, also known as Philip II, was the King of Spain from 1556 to 1598. He was born in 1527 and was the son of Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor. Philip ruled over a vast empire that included territories in Europe, the Americas, and Asia, making Spain one of the most powerful nations of the time. Philip is known for his strong Catholic faith and efforts to promote Catholicism across his empire. He faced significant challenges, including conflicts with Protestant nations and the Spanish Armada's failed invasion of England in 1588. His reign marked both the height and the beginning of the decline of Spanish power.