Philip of France, also known as Philip II or Philip Augustus, was a king who ruled from 1180 to 1223. He is best known for expanding the territory of the French crown and strengthening the monarchy. Philip played a crucial role in the Third Crusade and was a key figure in the Capetian dynasty. During his reign, Philip successfully fought against the Plantagenets, particularly in the Anglo-French Wars, which allowed him to gain control over significant territories in Normandy and Anjou. His efforts laid the groundwork for the future unification of France and established a more centralized royal authority.