Philip IV of Spain was the king of Spain from 1621 until his death in 1665. He was born on April 8, 1605, and was the son of Philip III of Spain. His reign was marked by military conflicts, including the Thirty Years' War, which strained Spain's resources and led to a decline in its power. Philip IV is also known for his patronage of the arts, particularly the works of the painter Diego Velázquez. The king's court became a center for cultural development, and Velázquez's famous painting, Las Meninas, is one of the most celebrated works from this period.