Peter IV, also known as Peter the Great, was the Tsar of Russia from 1682 until his death in 1725. He is best known for his efforts to modernize and westernize Russia, transforming it into a major European power. His reign included significant reforms in government, military, and culture, as well as the establishment of the city of Saint Petersburg as the new capital. Peter IV implemented a series of military campaigns to expand Russian territory, notably against Sweden during the Great Northern War. He also introduced new technologies and educational systems, encouraging the adoption of Western practices. His legacy is marked by a profound impact on Russian society and governance.