Persian philosophy refers to the philosophical traditions that emerged in ancient Persia, particularly during the Achaemenid Empire and later periods. It encompasses a range of ideas influenced by Zoroastrianism, which emphasized dualism, ethics, and the nature of existence. Key figures include Zarathustra, who introduced concepts of good and evil, and the importance of individual choice. During the Islamic Golden Age, Persian philosophers like Avicenna and Omar Khayyam contributed significantly to metaphysics, logic, and ethics. They integrated Greek philosophical ideas with Islamic thought, leading to advancements in various fields, including mathematics and astronomy. This rich tradition continues to influence contemporary philosophy.