The Persian Constitutional Movement was a political movement in the early 20th century aimed at establishing a constitutional monarchy in Iran. It began in 1905, driven by widespread dissatisfaction with the absolute rule of the Qajar dynasty and the desire for political reform, civil rights, and a representative government. The movement led to the establishment of the first Majlis (parliament) in 1906, which enacted a constitution that limited the powers of the monarchy. However, the movement faced significant challenges, including foreign intervention and internal conflicts, ultimately leading to its decline by the 1920s.