Peripeteia is a literary term that refers to a sudden reversal of fortune or change in circumstances, particularly in a dramatic work. It often occurs when a character experiences a significant shift in their situation, leading to unexpected outcomes. This concept is commonly found in Greek tragedy, where the protagonist's fortunes change dramatically, impacting the story's direction. In storytelling, peripeteia serves to heighten emotional engagement and tension. It can lead to moments of realization or enlightenment for characters, often resulting in a deeper understanding of their circumstances. This element is crucial in works by playwrights like Sophocles and Euripides, where the protagonist's journey is marked by such pivotal turns.