The term "Perioeci" refers to a group of free inhabitants in ancient Sparta who lived in surrounding areas but were not full citizens. They were primarily engaged in trade and crafts, contributing to the economy of Sparta while lacking political rights. Perioeci were distinct from the Helots, who were serfs bound to the land. Although they were not part of the Spartan political system, the Perioeci played a crucial role in supporting the military and providing goods and services necessary for the Spartan way of life.