Perinatal asphyxia is a medical condition that occurs when a baby does not receive enough oxygen during the perinatal period, which includes the time just before and after birth. This lack of oxygen can lead to serious complications, including brain damage and other organ dysfunction. It can result from various factors, such as complications during labor, maternal health issues, or problems with the placenta. Early recognition and intervention are crucial in managing perinatal asphyxia. Treatment may involve resuscitation efforts immediately after birth and supportive care in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Long-term outcomes depend on the severity of the asphyxia and the timeliness of medical intervention.