Pediculosis is a condition caused by an infestation of lice, small parasitic insects that live on the scalp, body, or pubic area. The most common type is head lice, which primarily affects children but can spread to anyone through close contact or sharing personal items like hats and combs. Symptoms include itching, irritation, and visible lice or their eggs, known as nits. Treatment for pediculosis typically involves over-the-counter or prescription shampoos and lotions designed to kill lice. It's also important to wash clothing, bedding, and personal items in hot water to prevent re-infestation. Regular checks and good hygiene practices can help manage and prevent lice outbreaks.