"Peace Democrats" refers to a faction within the Democratic Party during the American Civil War that opposed the war and advocated for a peaceful resolution. They believed that the conflict was causing unnecessary suffering and sought to negotiate with the Confederacy rather than continue fighting. This group was often associated with prominent figures like Clement L. Vallandigham, who criticized the war's conduct and the policies of President Abraham Lincoln. The Peace Democrats faced significant backlash, as many viewed their stance as unpatriotic, leading to tensions within the party and the broader society during this tumultuous period.