Pax Tokugawa refers to a period of peace and stability in Japan during the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate, which lasted from 1603 to 1868. This era followed a long period of civil war and is characterized by the unification of Japan under the leadership of Tokugawa Ieyasu. The shogunate established a centralized feudal system that maintained order and reduced internal conflict. During Pax Tokugawa, Japan experienced significant economic growth, cultural development, and the flourishing of arts such as Kabuki and Ukiyo-e. The period also saw the implementation of strict social hierarchies and isolationist policies, limiting foreign influence and trade, particularly with Europe and Christianity.