Paul Wolfowitz is an American political figure and academic known for his role in U.S. foreign policy. He served as the Deputy Secretary of Defense under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2005, where he was a key architect of the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Wolfowitz has also held positions at the World Bank, where he served as president from 2005 to 2007. Born on December 22, 1943, in New York City, Wolfowitz graduated from Cornell University and earned a Ph.D. in political science from University of Chicago. He has been influential in shaping U.S. defense and foreign policy, particularly regarding the promotion of democracy in the Middle East.