Paul the Apostle, originally known as Saul of Tarsus, was a key figure in early Christianity. Born in the first century, he was a Jewish Pharisee who initially persecuted Christians. However, after a dramatic conversion experience on the road to Damascus, he became one of the most influential apostles, spreading the teachings of Jesus Christ throughout the Roman Empire. Paul is credited with writing many of the letters, or epistles, found in the New Testament, which address various Christian communities and provide theological insights. His missionary journeys helped establish several early churches, and his teachings emphasized faith, grace, and the importance of love in the Christian life.