Pathogen surveillance is the systematic monitoring of infectious agents, such as bacteria and viruses, to detect and track their spread. This process helps public health officials identify outbreaks, understand transmission patterns, and implement control measures. By collecting data from various sources, including hospitals and laboratories, health organizations can respond quickly to emerging threats. Effective pathogen surveillance relies on advanced technologies and collaboration among healthcare providers, government agencies, and research institutions. It plays a crucial role in preventing epidemics and ensuring community safety by providing timely information about potential health risks and guiding vaccination and treatment strategies.