Passive design is an architectural approach that optimizes a building's natural resources to maintain comfort without relying heavily on mechanical systems. It focuses on using elements like natural light, ventilation, and thermal mass to regulate temperature and air quality. By strategically placing windows, walls, and insulation, passive design minimizes energy consumption and enhances sustainability. This design philosophy emphasizes the importance of the building's orientation and layout. For instance, positioning a structure to capture sunlight can reduce heating costs in winter, while overhangs can provide shade in summer. Overall, passive design promotes energy efficiency and environmental responsibility.