Particle deposition refers to the process where tiny particles settle out of a fluid, such as air or water, and adhere to a surface. This can occur through various mechanisms, including gravitational settling, inertial impaction, and diffusion. The size, shape, and density of the particles, as well as the properties of the fluid, influence how and where deposition occurs. This process is significant in many fields, including environmental science, materials engineering, and pharmaceuticals. For example, in air quality management, understanding particle deposition helps assess pollution levels and their impact on health. In coating technologies, controlling deposition is crucial for creating uniform and effective surface coatings.