Partially Homomorphic Encryption is a type of encryption that allows specific mathematical operations to be performed on encrypted data without needing to decrypt it first. This means that certain computations can be carried out while keeping the data secure, which is useful in scenarios where privacy is essential. For example, if a user encrypts their data using a partially homomorphic encryption scheme, they can still perform operations like addition or multiplication on the encrypted values. The result, when decrypted, will match the outcome of performing the same operations on the original, unencrypted data, ensuring both security and functionality.